高一英语学习方法：高一英语学习窍门(2)

　　关系副词引导的定语从句

　　一.关系副词的用法: when在定语从句中作地点状语; where在定语从句中作地点状语; why在定语从句中作原因状语

　　二.示例:

　　a. He was well at the time when I saw him.

　　b. Let’s meet at the place where we met yesterday.

　　c. This is the reason why I am in favor of the singer.

　　三.应注意的问题:

　　1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略, 这样的名词如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等 (也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句)

　　a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English.

　　介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

　　一.说明: 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可以位于关系代词之前, 从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

　　二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法: 在这种定语从句中, 关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物), 而不能使用that / who

　　三.示例:

　　a. This is the house in which he was born.

　　b. The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.

　　c. The man with whom you talked is our English teacher.

　　d. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.

　　四.应注意的问题:

　　1.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词, 也可以是短语介词或类似短语介词的词组

　　a. This is the house in which he was born.

　　b. At five o’clock we reached the house, in front of which there is a big tree.

　　c. At five o’clock we reached the mountain, at the foot of which lie some farmhouses.

　　2.根据表达的需要, 介词之前还可以有其他词, 从而构成“名词或代词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

　　a. I used to live in a small room, the window of which faces the street.

　　b. At the gate stood a group of students, some of whom are girls.

　　3.介词若为短语动词中的介词, 则不可将介词拆开放在关系代词之前

　　a. This is the magazine which you are looking for.( for不能放在which之前)

　　b. The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill.( of不能放在whom之前)

　　4.关系副词when / where / why常可与 “介词+关系代词”互换

　　a. Do you remember the days when we were in Beijing? ( =in which we were in Beijing )

　　b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?( =in which we once played for a whole day )

　　c. This is the reason why he was absent yesterday. (= for which he was absent )