2020年高考英语阅读理解备考技巧 (3)

2020-02-21 23:40:59高考网整理

　　专题3 阅读理解专题之----推理判断隐含意义题

　　【设问形式】

　　1.推理判断隐含意义题常见设问形式：

　　9）It can be inferred/implied from the text that_______.

　　10）What do we know about...?

　　11）We can infer from... that_____.

　　12）What does the author mean that...?

　　....

　　【考查方式】

　　高考阅读理解隐含意义题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息去推断出作者没有直接表达出来的深层意思。推理判断隐含意义不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，准确理解出文章的言外之意，揭示文章的深层含义。

　　推理判断隐含意义题解题思路：

　　推理判断隐含意义题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，作者的言外之意。切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点，不能主观臆断。除此之外，还要注意几个误区：

　　①原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。②文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论。③与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论。④不合常理或不合逻辑的推论。⑤虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。所以考生一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。

　　实战演练

　　【例题】

　　例题1：2016 全国1 A

　　You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

　　Jane Addams(1860-1935)

　　Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

　　Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

　　If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

　　Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

　　When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

　　Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

　　On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.31．

　　24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

　　A. They are highly educated.     B. They are truly creative.

　　C. They are pioneers.           D. They are peace-lovers.

　　解析：C推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。

　　例题2：2016 全国2   B

　　Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”

　　A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.

　　Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.

　　Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”

　　“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”

　　“Oh, sure.”

　　“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”

　　“Nobody. I do it.”

　　“Really—at night, when you’re asleep?”

　　“Sure.”

　　“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”

　　6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?

　　A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.

　　C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.

　　解析：D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第二句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。

　　【举一反三】

　　A

　　Army Spc. Lauren Jahn gets emotional when talking about it — recalling the time she saw an American flag flying outside her hospital room and couldn’t stand to salute it.

　　＂It really hurt,＂ Jahn says, referring to both the physical and mental pain she was going through. ＂All of the hopes and dreams I had, it takes a while to realize that they’re gone.＂

　　Just a few months before that moment in the hospital, Jahn had joined the U.S. Army. She’d made it through basic training mostly unscathed save for some pain in her shins(胫), something she owed to the concentrated running. When she finally decided to see a doctor about the pain, she expected to get a clean bill of health. Instead she got doctor’s orders for an MRI, and a phone call no one likes to get. The doctor said she needed to discuss her results in person.

　　The day after Thanksgiving in 2016, Jahn found out she had a rare form of bone cancer. Then she had an operation. The following months of recovery were challenging. The single mother of three young children had to fight off depression as she also learned to walk again. She spent six months in a wheelchair.

　　But it was during this time that Jahn found out about fitted sports— things like wheelchair basketball, seated volleyball and track and field — where rules have been changed slightly to let people with disabilities compete on a level playing field. When she decided to try out archery(箭术), she discovered a new passion in life.

　　Jahn took home second place in Archery at the 2018 Department of Defense Warrior Games, where CBS News met her. She now has her sights set on qualifying for the Paralympic Games, or even the 2020 Summer Olympic Games.

　　＂I want my kids to see that it doesn’t matter what you go through in life, you can still be active, you can still chase your dreams.＂

　　1. How did Jahn feel when her dreams were gone?

　　A. Astonished.B. Disappointed.

　　C. Hurtful.D. Helpless.

　　2. What did Jahn hope to receive while seeing a doctor?

　　A. Doctor’s comfort.B. Lessening the pain of shins.

　　C. Some bills’ rewards.    D. A healthy certificate.

　　3. What happened after Jahn had an operation?

　　A. She nearly broke down.B. She lost her three children.

　　C. She was trapped in a wheelchair.D. She never thought about walking again.

　　4. What does the last paragraph suggest?

　　A. She gets on well with kids.B. All difficulties are temporary.

　　C. She desires to set children an example.D. Life is not easy unless you are active.

　　解析：

　　A：【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。一位因患骨癌而残疾的母亲努力进行康复训练，走出了阴影。她学习箭术、刻苦训练并在比赛中获得亚军。

　　1. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的＂It really hurt＂与 All of the hopes and dreams I had, it takes a while to realize that they’re gone.判断，当她的梦想破灭时，她很难受。

　　2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 When she finally decided to see a doctor about the pain, she expected to get a clean bill of health.判断，当 Jahn 去看医生时，她想收到自己身体健康的证明。

　　3. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She spent six months in a wheelchair”可知，在手术之后，她被困在轮椅中六个月，故选择C项，其他选项不符合文意。

　　4. C 【解析】推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，Jahn 想告诉她的孩子们，无论生活中经历了什么，人仍然可以保持乐观积极，仍然可以追逐自己的梦想。故推断她希望为孩子们树立榜样，故选择 C 项。

　　B

　　Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.

　　The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.

　　Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂ he said. ＂Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.＂

　　Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.

　　The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.

　　5. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?

　　A. It made room for new equipment.

　　B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.

　　C. It was done with the help of the audience.

　　D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.

　　6. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?

　　A. It was an all-time classic.     B. It was about the history of the town.

　　C. The audience requested it.     D. The theater owner found it suitable.

　　7. What will probably happen to the building?

　　A. It will be repaired.      B. It will be turned into a museum.

　　C. It will be knocked down.    D. It will be sold to the city government.

　　8. What can we infer about the audience?

　　A. They are disappointed with Bradford.    B. They are sad to part with the old theater.

　　C. They are supportive of the city officials. D. They are eager to have a shopping center.

　　B：【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售的故事。

　　5. B细节理解题。根据首段的最后两句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是这次清理工人不仅清理走了垃圾，而且还挪走了桌椅和剧院的其他设备，因为剧院已经被转卖出去了。

　　6. D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的是小镇上唯一的电影院即将关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater情况一样。

　　7. C 推理判断题。根据第四段句末中的“which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.”可以推断出这个剧院即将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。

　　8. B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. ”可知，人们非常难过，不愿看到老剧院被拆掉。