学霸分享：2020高考英语几种特殊的介词宾语

　　2020年高考即将开战，你准备好了吗？对于高中英语成绩不好的同学来说，熟悉复习资料的积累要随时整理。高考网小编为各位考生整理了一些高考英语必备的知识点，供大家参考阅读！

　　介词宾语通常是用名词,代词,动名词,名词性从句等词类或结构表示的。但是,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式等词类或结构在一定的情况下也可充当介词宾语。

　　A.不定式作介词宾语。可接不定式作宾语的介词有 about、besides、but、except、save、instead of等。

　　例如:

　　As I was about to say,you interrupted me.

　　我正要说的时候,你插嘴了。

　　Autumn harvest was about to start.

　　快要秋收了。

　　I hardly remember what I did besides read.

　　除了阅读我几乎记不起我还做了些什么。

　　Dela could do nothing but flop down on the shabby little couch and?weep.

　　德拉只得倒在破旧的小睡椅上哭泣。

　　It's so difficult for me. There will be nothing for it but to ask for help.

　　这事太难,我只好请人帮忙。

　　He did nothing all day except practise reading English aloud.

　　他整天都在练习朗读英语。

　　It had no effect except to make him angry.

　　这没产生什么效果,只是使他生气而已。

　　What had she done for her father save leave him at the first oppertunity?

　　陈了一有机会就离开她的父亲,她还能为她父亲做点什么呢?

　　He proposed to do some work instead of to watch television.

　　提议做些事情而不要去看电视。

　　介词 but、except、besides、save后的不定式,何时要带to,何时不带 to,主要从三个方面去辨别。

　　(1)当这些介词前面的句中出现了用作谓语的实义动词 do时,其后的不定式就不带 to;

　　(2)当这些介词前面的非谓语部分有不定式to do时,其后的不定式符号to可用可不用;

　　(3)当这些介词前面(即谓语动词或非谓语动词部分)无动词 do时,其后要接带 to的动词不定式。

　　请再比较以下几例:

　　What could he do but take back what he had said?

　　他除了收回他说的话外,还有别的什么办法?

　　She has no work to do but(to)be a nurse.

　　她没有别的工作可做,只好当保姆。

　　They had no way out but to wait for the worst to come.

　　他们没有别的出路,只好等待着最坏的情况到来。

　　“疑问词+不定式”构成的不定式短语,可用作任何介词的宾语。

　　例如:

　　Everyone had his own idea of how to do it.

　　任何人对如何做这件事都有不同的看法。

　　He gave a lesson on how to improve soil.

　　他讲了一堂如何改良土壤的课。

　　I have no idea about what to do next.

　　我不知道下一步怎么办。

　　B形容词作介词宾语。可用形容词作宾语的介词有but、from、instead、of、near等。

　　例如:

　　My work is far from good(satisfactory/complete.)

　　我的工作离好(满意/完成)还差得很远。

　　It is anything but bad.

　　这不是什么坏事。

　　Things went from bad to worse until Dickens' father was imprisoned for debt.

　　情况越来越坏,直到狄更斯的父亲因负债而被关进监牢.

　　Is your answer anywhere near correct?

　　你的回答近乎正确吗?

　　Although spring has come，it is still quite cold instead of warm.

　　尽管春天已到,但天气仍然并不暖和,而是很冷。

　　形容词作介词宾语还见于一些固定的习语中,这类习语常见的有at large，for the better，in short，in vain，like mad，on high等。

　　例如:

　　We had to drive like mad to get there on time.

　　我们只得尽快开车,以便能按时到达那里。

　　The policemen know who the culprit is，but they have not located him. He is still at large.

　　警察知道罪犯是谁,但还没有查到他在何处,他仍逍遥法外。

　　He said，in short，that more research is needed before a definite decision can be reached.

　　总而言之,他说,在能够做出明确的决定以前,还需作更多的研究。

　　C副词作宾语。可用副词作宾语的介词有 except，from，instead of，till等。

　　例如:

　　Where are you from?

　　你从何处来?

　　He has been studying hard except recently.

　　他一直学习很刻苦,只是最近才不这样.

　　His father is from abroad.

　　他父亲从国外来.

　　They received us coldly instead of warmly.

　　他们对我们很冷淡,并不热情.

　　We didn't finish our talk until late in the evening.

　　我们直到深夜才结束谈话。

　　在from now(then),till now(then),for long，by far 等习语中,都是副词做介词宾语。

　　例如:

　　He will not remain for long.

　　他不会呆得太久。

　　That will do for now. We will have a rest，and finish the job later.

　　暂时干这些就够了。我们休息一下,等会儿再完成这项工作。

　　All property formerly belonging to the reactionaries is from

　　now on the property of the people.

　　以前属于反动派的一切财产,从今以后都是人民的了。

　　D介词短语作介词宾语。 可用介词短语作宾语的介词有Across，except，from，instead of，since，to，till等。

　　例如:

　　He usually goes to school on his bike except on rainy days.

　　除了雨天,他通常都是骑自行车上学.

　　I'll flog him to within an inch of his life.

　　我要把他打个死去活来。

　　It was not until after the First World War that votes for

　　women came.

　　直到第一次世界大战之后妇女才有选举权。

　　The cat appeared from under the table.

　　猫从桌子下面出来了。

　　E.whether，that作宾语。由连接代词(如what，which，who等)或连接副词(如how，where，why等)引导的名词性从句作介词宾语是一种比较普遍的现象。

　　在实际应用中,由纯连词whether 或that引导的从句也可用作介词宾语,其中that引导的从句只能用在except，but，in，save等少数几个介词之后。

　　例如:

　　The debate was over whether they should，in spite of the heavy snowfall，start on a journey on foot，as had been planned，or they should post pone it.

　　他们所争论的问题是:不顾眼下的大雪按原定计划出发去徒步旅行呢,还是推迟进行。

　　He hesitated(as to)whether he would go to see her.

　　他拿不定主意是否要去见她。

　　The molecules of ice and vapour are exactly the same，except that they move at different speeds.

　　冰与水蒸汽的分子完全一样,只是它们运动的速度不同。

　　关于“介词+that 从句”结构,有的语法家将其视为介词短语,其中的that 从句用作介词的宾语;有的语法家则认为“介词+'that”应看作复合从属连词。我们认为,这两种理解都有一定的道理,只不过前者主要是从语法形式上来看,而后者则是从语法意义上来看的。请分别从形式和意义上去理解以下几句:

　　Although the dividends are the same，this is the better investment in that it is a safe stock.

　　虽然红利相同,但是这笔投资要好些,因为它的股票更为保险。

　　All goes well with me on the whole，save that I have no appetite.

　　总的说来,我一切都感到不错,只是没有胃口。

　　This second atom has exactly the same properties as the first，except that it is twice as heavy.

　　第二个原子具有和第一个原子完全相同的性质,只是比第一个原子重一倍。

　　I should have come here earlier but that I was busy.

　　要是我不忙的话,我会来得早些。
 

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