2019年高考一轮复习英语知识点:代词
来源:网络资源 2018-10-21 22:56:39
语法系列复习专题二-代词
代词的分类
1.人称代词:有主格、宾格、所有格(含形容词性和名词性两种所有格)
2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves
themselves
3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those
4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which
5.相互代词:each other ,one another
6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another,
something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody
7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose,that ,which ,as
代词用法注意点
1.名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语,可用于双重所有格。例如:
s t my book. It This isn his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours ?/Do
you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers.
2.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。例如:
①(all)by oneself 自己单干,独立干:
The boy usually finishes his homework by himself.
②of oneself 自动地,自行地:
Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.
③for oneself 替/为自己:You have to choose for yourself.
3.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;that/those 常指时间和
空间上较远的人或物。
进行比较时,that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复;those 可代替复数名词以
免重复。例如:
The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river./The Christmas cards are
much better than those you bought yesterday.
4.相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的"相互",后者侧重三者或三
者以上的"相互",也可指两者之间的"相互"。
5.不定代词
①some多用于肯定句;any多用于否定句,疑问句或条件句中。另外some可用于表示请求、
提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,修饰可数名词,表示"任何、无论哪一个"
例如:
If you have any ink ,please give me some.
Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.
②all 与none
all表示"三者或三者以上全部",可以修饰可数、不可数名词。none用于表示对三个或
三个以上的人或物的否定,意思是"没有什么人,没有什么东西",可作主语和宾语。none
of…后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。none可以简略回答以How many或How much开 头的疑问句。
例如:
None of them have/has failed.
-- How many books are there on the desk ? -- None.
注意:no one (=nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语,不可跟of短语连用,
回答以who开头的问句,不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。
例如:
-- Who is in the room ? -- no one(=Nobody).
--Is there any oil in the glass ? -- None.
③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others
other表示"没有范围的,其他的",与名词复数连用。如:other books/boys/…
another泛指很多中的"另一个",可作代词或形容词用,代替或修饰单数可数名词。
如: I don't like this hat,please show me another.
the other可作代词或形容词用,指已知的事物或人中的"另一个",或另一方中的"全
部其他的"。
如:
I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see only
two teachers in the office.Where are the other teachers ?
others泛指其他的人或物;the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。
例如:
Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.
Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.
④one作为不定代词,泛指"任何人"(包括说话人在内),还可用来代替上文出现过的可
数名词(指人或物),并有复数形式ones。
例如:
I have bought a new bike.My old one s duty. t work./One must do one doesn
注意:one ,that都可代替前面出现过的单数名词,但这样用时,one可被前置或后置
定语修饰,that只能被后置定语修饰。
例如:
This book is the one that is needed by him.
My seat is next to that of our teacher.
代词考点分析
1.-- When shall we meet again ?
s all -- Make it _____ day you like;it the same to me.(96年高考题)
A.one B.any C.some D.another
析: 此题答案为B。若选A,one day意"过去/将来的某一天";若选C,some day意"有朝一日"、"将来某一天"、"迟早";若选D,another day意"改日"、"又/另一天";选B,any day意"随便哪一天"、"无论哪一天",显然它适合此题。
m reading a new book these days ,_____ in 2.I English.
A.it B.that C.one D.which
析: 排除A选项it的原因是因为it前或后都不可放定语;若选B项that,则因其不能替代同一事物,也可排除;至于D项which,因其是定语从句引导词,在此明显不合用。只有C项one一方面它可有前置或后置定语,另一方面它可以替代前面出现的名词a book,故是正确答案。
3.There were two boys who called and I gave an apple to _____.
A.every B.all C.either D.each
析: 由题干内容可知有两个孩子在叫喊,故all(指三者或三者以上)不可选;every表"两者中任意的一个",在此不符合情景之需要。只有D,each(两者中的每一个)填入空白才合题干内容。
t know _____ of the visitors here;we only know some. 4.We don
A.everyone B.every one C.anybody D.each one
析: 因为everyone ,everybody ,anybody等不定代词一般不带限定语(此处不能与of短语连用),故A、C选项可排除。若选D项,因not…each结构表全否定,与下句"we only know some"不合,故不能成立。只有选B时,not…every表半否定,与下句意相合。
5.Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____.
(上海题)
A.the other B.some other C.others D.those other
析: 根据in some ways(在某些方面),可知空白处要选表达复数意义的词,据此可排除A、B;又因为没有those other这样的词语,故可排除D。根据some常与others相呼应使用规律,可定C为正确答案。
6.The question is too difficult and we found _____.
A.it not easy to answer it B.it was not easy for us to answer it
s not easy to answer D.it C.it not easy to answer
析: 根据时态一致规律,we found后不可跟C选项;要表达"那个问题不容易答。"这一意思时,应说The question is not easy to answer.要表达"我们发现那个问题不容易答。"这一意思时,应说We found the question (was)not easy to answer.据此可排除A、B选项;只有D才是唯一正确选项。
7.The hairdresser now cuts s hair. s and women _____ men
A.any B.each C.both D.either
s hair s and women 析: 根据题干men ,可知应选与两者有关的代词,于是立即可排除A。由于each 和either不可直接修饰复数名词或复数名词所有格(应说each of …,either of…),故又可排除B、D选项。只有both才能与其后的and构成both…and…结构。故正确答案是C。
8.--Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end ?
--If you keep still ,you can sit at _____end. (NMET)
A.neither B.each C.either D.any
析: 一条船只有两头,any是指三者或三者以上,在此不合用。neither是"两者都不",填入空白处意思不对;each意"两者或三者,三者以上每个人都…",若填入此题空白,不合语境,因为一个人不能同时坐船的两头。只有选either(两者之一)才合此题情景。
9.--Have you finished your report yet ?
ll finish in _____ ten minutes. --No ,I (NMET)
A.less B.more C.other D.another
析: less后可直接跟形容词、副词、名词,象ten minutes这样的"数词+名词"短语则不可直接放于less之后,只能放于less than之后,因此A项可排除。"再过/再用十分钟"可以说in ten more minutes ,ten minutes more ,another ten minutes ,据此可排除B项。至于other一词,因它不能表达"再、又"意,故也可排除。因此D为正确答案。
10.Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia. (NMET)
A.any B.any other C.other D.another
析: 此题是加拿大与亚洲国家相比,无需other或another ,else这类词,故B、C、D应排除。因为any(任何)后可跟单数名词或复数名词,填入空白意思也合语境,所以A是正确答案。
代词专练
1.-- Which of the two dictionaries will you borrow ?
ll -- I borrow _____ ,for the different uses.
A.all B.both C.either D.neither
2._____ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
A.Each B.Any C.No one D.None
t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had _____ 3.We couldn money on us.
A.all ;no B.any ;no C.none ;any D.no one ;any
4.They were all very tired ,but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A.neither B.none C.some D.any
5.There is a No.2 trolleybus and a No.24 bus ;_____ will take you there.
A.both B.either C.all D.any
6.As we were asleep ,_____ of us heard the sound.
A.both B.none C.either D.any
7.-- Which of the five may I use ?
-- Oh ,____.
A.any one B.anyone C.anything D.nothing
8.--Are the two answers correct ?
--No ,_____ correct.
A.no one is B.both are not C.neither is D.either is not
t _____. 9.I asked him for some oil ,but he hadn
A.any B.some C.no D.anything
10.You have three English dictionaries ,but I have only two _____.
A.ones B.不填 C.the one D.the ones
11.I have a colour TV set.I want to sell ____.
A.one B.the one C.that D.it
12.This film is not so good as _____ we saw last week.
A.that B.it C.the one D.one
13._____ of us must go there and help him out.
A.One or other B.One by one
C.One or the other D.One or another
14.We all felt _____ to be the highest praise.
A.it B.that C.that one D.the one
t you read _____ English storices ?Please tell us an 15.Haven interesting one.
A.any B.all C.either D.some
16.-- Would you like _____ dumplings ?
-- No,thanks.
A.some B.another C.any D.all
17.If there is _____ chance ,I will try another.
A.one B.any C.some D.all
18.-- Are _____ here to take the college entrance exam ?
-- Yes ,we _____.
A.all you ;are all B.you all ;all are
C.all of you ;are all D.you of all ;all are
19.Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already
taken them.
A.one B.the ones C.some D.the others
20.-- Have you ever seen a snake alive ?
ve seen _____. -- Yes ,I
A.that B.so C.one D.it
21.-- Lily ,do you have an umbrella ?It is raining outside.
s _____. -- Yes ,but it
A.small one B.small umbrella C.only a small one D.that one
t s mother kept telling him that he should work hard ,but _____ didn 22.Tom help.
A.this B.which C.any D.it
23.-- Have you got _____ red ink ?
t got _____. -- Sorry ,I haven
A.some ;some B.any ;many C.some ;any D.any ;some
24.I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai.
A.that B.it C.this D.one
25.Sarad has read a lot of stories by American writers.Now she would like to
read _____ stories by writers from _____ countries.
A.some ;any B.other ;some C.some ;other D.other ;other
26.-- Is _____ here ?
-- No ,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A.anybody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody
27.Our headmaster advised us that in order to succeed in life ,one has to be
honest with _____ friends.
s D.our A.their B.her C.one
28.I borrowed some books _____ myself ,but when I was going to read them ,the
lamp went out _____ itself and I had to sit in the dark _____ myself.
A.不填;for;by B.by;for;of C.for;of;by D.of;不填;by
29.When I first saw the old farmer ,I could hardly imagine _____ invented the
machine to pick cotton.
A.himself B.he himself C.he for himself D.he by himself
30.It is impossible for all the people to get the job ,because _____ of them
are not fit for it.
A.all of B.none of C.each of D.every one of
代词专练答案
1-5 B D C B B 6-10 B A C A B
11-15 D C A B D 16-20 A B B B C
21-25 C D C D C 26-30 C C C B A
高三英语复习教案与训练--代词
3. 代词
代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
例如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It's me. 是我。
二、 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,其人物和数的变化见下表。
数 单数 复数
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性物主代词 my your his/her/its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
例如: I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。
Our school is here,and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。
三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
例如:That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为
"反身代词"。
例如:She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。
五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么大的区别。
例如:They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。
例如:--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆。
--- I don't know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识。
七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)
例如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
八、 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、
表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(先行词)。
例如:He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。
3.1 人称代词的用法
1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中。例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语。
例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主语补语= It's me.)
说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
3.2 人称代词之主、宾格的替换
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