高考英语定语从句考点讲解
2021-09-25 11:47:32高考网整理
高考英语定语从句考点讲解
高频考点一、考查关系代词引导的定语从句
例1. (2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
A.which B.who
C.as D.that
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:她和她的家人骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。根据句子结构可知,此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的事。
【举一反三】(2018·天津卷)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A.whom B.that
C.whose D.her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:凯特到澳大利亚去工作了。读大学的时候我和她的姐姐住一个寝室。从句子结构看,本空需要关系词引导定语从句,先行词为Kate,且关系代词在从句中作定语,因此用关系代词whose引导这个定语从句。
【变式探究】(2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.which B.its
C.whose D.whom
【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。purposes与the World Food Programme存在“所属”关系,此处指“世界粮食计划署的目的之一”,且空处在句中作定语,因此选择whose。
【变式探究】I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whose B.why
C.where D.which
【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句修饰a couple,且关系词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whose。
高频考点二、考查关系副词引导的定语从句
例2. (2019·江苏卷)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A.which B.what
C.when D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为an age,空处在定语从句中充当时间状语,故用关系副词when。
【举一反三】(2019·江苏卷)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A.which B.what
C.when D.that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为an age,空处在定语从句中充当时间状语,故用关系副词when。
【变式探究】(2018·江苏卷)Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是area,关系词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where,相当于in which。
【变式探究】(2018·江苏卷)Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是area,关系词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where,相当于in which。
【举一反三】The old couple will never forget the days ________ they made a living by picking up rubbish on the street.
A.where B.when
C.which D.as
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这对老夫妻永远不会忘记他们靠沿街捡拾垃圾谋生的日子。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,修饰先行词days,且引导词在从句中作状语,故用关系副词when。
高频考点三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
例3.Many young people, most ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A.of which B.of them
C.of whom D.of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是young people, most表示他们中的大多数,因此应该使用most of whom。因为先行词指人,不能选择of which。
【举一反三】He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
A.whom B.which
C.them D.that
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意:他写过很多儿童书籍,将近一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。此题的先行词是children’s books,指物,因此不能选whom;that引导定语从句可以指物,但是不能在介词后作宾语;假如选them,应该在nearly前加适当的连词。因此只能选择which。此处是“代词+of+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。
【变式探究】Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A.as B.whose
C.in which D.at which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意:创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,________employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句,从句中缺少状语,故用where或“介词+which”引导,根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in,故选C项。
【举一反三】She produced another new record in 2017, ________ she celebrated her 38th birthday.
A.at which B.in that
C.with which D.about that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:2017年她又出了一张新专辑,以此庆祝自己38岁生日。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是record,故用关系代词which,根据句意可知, 用介词with,表示“用……”。故选C项。
【变式探究】There were twenty students in this small?sized class, ________ came from the same mountain village.
A.most of whom B.most of them
C.most of which D.most of that
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这个小型的班级有20名学生,他们中的大部分人都来自同一个山村。空处属于“名词/数词/不定代词+of+关系代词(which/whom)”结构,该结构中of通常表示所属关系;如果先行词指物,就用which,指人就用whom。句中先行词是students,故用most of whom。