高二英语教案：《Saving the earth总复习》教学设计(9)

　　【注意】作此义讲，responsible是表语形容词，不能作定语。若人作主语，表示"应负责任的"，若主语是物，表示造成事实的原因。如：① Who is responsible for this terrible mess? 谁应对这一团糟局面负责? ② The weather is responsible for the delay. 由于天气原因才耽误了。

　　22. Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action. 像地球峰会这样的会议帮助人们了解还存在着严重的问题及还需要时间来采取行动。(p.68 Reading 第三段 第1行)

　　1) conference；meeting的区别：conference比较正式，指重大、规模较大的会议或专业性较强的学术(研讨)会议。meeting为普通用语，指一般性的会议。 ① Our English teacher has gone to Beijing to attend the conference on education. 我们英语老师赴京参加教育会议。 ② The important conference was held at the Hague in 1899. 那次重要会议于1899年在海牙召开。③ We have a class meeting every Friday. 我们每周五开班会。④ When is the school sports meeting going to be held? 学校运动会什么时候召开?

　　2) 在there be结构中，根据需要be可换成stand，appear，seem，remain，exist，come，lie，happen，enter等。如： ① There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾经住过一位老猎人。② There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter. 在这个问题上似乎有误会。③ There came shouts for help from the river. 从河边传来了求救声。④ There happened an event. 发生了一件事。⑤ There appear to be several reasons for changing our plans. 看来改变我们的计划有几个理由。(不能说：There appears...，因主语为复数)

　　3) take action意为"采取行动"。如：① The police had to take firm action to deal with the riots. 警方不得不采取果断行动来对付骚乱。② Let's see how they take action next. 且看他们下步如何。③ An action must be taken to check this tendency. 必须采取行动，制止这种倾向。

　　【辨析】act；action: act指短暂、简单而具体的个别动作，也用于具有某性质的动作。action指时间持续较长、复杂的、多步骤的、抽象的动作。☆在用不可数名词表示总的概念时，多用action，而不用act。① The young man did another foolish act. 这青年又做了一件傻事。② Force is the action of one object on another. 力是一物体在另一个物体上的作用。③ It was your act and you must accept the consequences. 那是你的行为，你必须自食其果。④ He is a man of action. 他是一位实践家。

　　23. If all of us make small changes, we could make a big difference．如果我们所有的人都做出点小的改变，那么我们就能够产生巨大的差别。(p.68 Reading 第四段 倒数第1行)

　　make a／the difference意为"产生差别；有影响；起重要作用"。如：① It makes a difference which you choose. 你选择哪一个，关系重大。② It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not. 不管他去或者不去，对我都没多大影响。③It doesn't make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 对我来说，你走还是留关系不大。

　　【拓展】make a difference 还可作"区别对待"讲。如：    We should make a strict difference between friends and enemies. 我们必须严格区分敌友。

　　【链接】与difference构成的习惯搭配have a difference 有差异 / tell the difference 辨别差异 / split the difference 把差额平分；互让 / wipe out the difference 消除分歧／差别 / difference between A and B  A与B的差别 / difference of opinion 意见分歧 / difference in age 年龄差别

　　24. A better understanding of the environment is necess- ary, as is the willingness to act. 更好地了解环境是必要的，这是心甘情愿的行动。(p.68 Reading 第五段 第2行)

　　as在此用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代主句的整个概念，可置于句首、句中或句末，含有"正如......的"之意。如：① As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. 我们知道，百分之七十以上的地球表面被水所覆盖。② This kind of computer, as is well-known, is out of date. 众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。③ Yesterday Mr．Green quarrelled with his wife, as seldom happened. 昨天格林先生同妻子吵了架，他们是很少吵架的。

　　【辨析】as；which: 两者都可引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句的一部分内容，有时可以互换，但as位置灵活，which只能置于主句之后；as常用于as has been said，as is well-known，as often happens，as may be imagined，as we know，as we can see，as we expect等结构中，而which不能；但当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语类似是一个复合宾语结构时，一般用which而不用as。① Abraham Lincoln was shot at a theatre in Washington, which made the American people very sad. 亚伯拉罕?林肯在华盛顿一家剧院遭到枪杀，这使美国人民非常悲痛。② He was strongly against the idea, as would be expected. 正如可预料的那样，他强烈反对这个意见。    ③ He made the same mistake, which made the teacher very angry. 他又犯了同样的错误，这使得老师非常生气。 ④ His son turned thief, which surprised everyone in the village. 他的儿子当了贼，村里的人都感到惊奇。