高考英语考点典型陷阱题分析-虚拟语气与情态动词

　　典型高考英语陷阱题详解-虚拟语气

　　1. I forget where I read the article, or I _________ it to you now.

　　A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。

　　2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _________.”

　　A. He’d better give up drinking                        B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

　　C. Health is more important than drink              D. I wonder why he is always doing so

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。

　　【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。

　　3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had so high a fever.”

　　A. do B. are C. will D. would

　　【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：

　　(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：

　　He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

　　When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

　　(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。

　　4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”

　　A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come

　　【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。

　　【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

　　I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。

　　I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。

　　I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

　　请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：

　　(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you _________.”

　　A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

　　(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”

　　A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

　　(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”

　　A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t

　　5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _________ badly wounded and that he _________ at once.

　　A. should be; be operated on                                B. were; must be operated on

　　C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】最佳答案选 D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：

　　(1) The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.

　　A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent   B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

　　C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent  D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

　　(2) The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.

　　A. should do, should be  B. had done, should be

　　C. had done, had been  D. should do, had been

　　(3) I advised that he _________ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _________ quite well then.

　　A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling

　　C. he sent; feel  D. should be sent; should feel

　　6. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.

　　A. Was he given up B. Had he given up

　　C. Did he give   D. If he gave up

　　【陷阱】容易误选 D。

　　【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：

　　Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。

　　Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。

　　典型高考英语陷阱题详解-情态动词

　　1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _________ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”

　　A. shall B. will C. would D. can

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】最佳答案选A。shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：

　　(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：

　　Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你?

　　Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？

　　(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：

　　You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)

　　Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)

　　You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)

　　请做以下试题(答案均选 shall)：

　　(1) “I promise that she _________ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”

　　A. should B. must C. would D. shall

　　2. You _________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.

　　A. cannot B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】最佳答案选A。cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：

　　You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。

　　You can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。

　　We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。

　　A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。

　　注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：

　　It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。

　　3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _________ not. He likes driving his car.”

　　A. must B. can C. need D. may

　　【陷阱】可能误选B或C。

　　【分析】最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。

　　4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It _________ true because there was little snow there.”

　　A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C。

　　5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _________ so once, but I don’t now.”

　　A. may have thought B. can have thought C. may think D. might think

　　答案选A。从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。请看类例：

　　Their answers are exactly the same — one of them _________ from the other.

　　A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied

　　答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D。

　　6. You _________ be right, but I don’t think you are.

　　A. can      B. could       C. must       D. should

　　【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

　　【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A。按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B。注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。